อนุประโยค (Clauses) คือ ประโยคที่เกิดขึ้นตามลำพังไม่ได้ จะไม่สื่อ ความหมายที่สมบูรณ์ Clauses แบ่งออกเป็น 3 ชนิด คือ
1. Noun Clause (นามานุประโยค)
2. Adjective Clause (คุณานุประโยค)
3. Adverb Clause (วิเศษณานุประโยค)
1. Noun Clause คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่เหมือนคำนามในประโยค แต่มีใจความไม่ สมบูรณ์ในตัวเอง ต้องอาศัยใจความจากประโยคหลัก Noun Clause จะขึ้นต้นด้วยคำแสดงคำถาม เช่น how, what, which, where, why, who, whom, whose และมักจะ ขึ้นต้นประโยคด้วย that ซึ่งแปลว่า “ว่า” เช่น
The bulletin states that English courses require a laboratory period.
The teacher explained how the sentences are formed.
หน้าที่ของ Noun Clause
1. เป็นประธานของกริยา
What he did is really strange.
Your word is not important.
เป็นกรรมของกริยา
Tom wants to know where the student cafeteria is.
I have forgotten what the teacher told me.
เป็นกรรมของบุพบท
We only laughed at what she said.
She is ignorant of what her son did.
เป็นส่วนสมบูรณ์ของประโยค
This is how I made my cake.
The fact is that she is poor.
เป็นคำซ้อนของนามหรือสรรพนาม
The news that you heard isn’t true.
It is unfortunate that you don’t get the scholarship.
2. Adjective Clause คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่เป็นคุณศัพท์ คือ ขยายคำนามหรือ สรรพนาม ลักษณะของ Adjective Clause จะนำหน้าด้วยคำเชื่อม (Connectives) 2 ชนิด คือ
2.1 Relative Pronoun: who, whom, that, which, whose
2.2 Relative Adverb: when, where, why
The man who sits next to me never spoke to me.
The book which is written in German is difficult and boring.
Teachers whose classes are interesting have many students.
This is the school where I used to work.
3. Adverb Clause คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่เหมือน adverb ขยายกริยา ขยาย คุณศัพท์ และขยายกริยาวิเศษณ์ที่อยู่ในประโยคอื่นได้
She went home because she has a fever.
He treats us as if we were his children.
Adverb Clause มี 9 ชนิด คือ
3.1 Adverb Clause of Time คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาเพื่อแสดงเวลา เช่น when, whenever, while, before, after, as soon as, since, until
As it was late, we went home.
I will wait here until you allow me to come in.
3.2 Adverb Clause of Place คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาเพื่อบอก สถานที่ เช่น where, wherever
You may go wherever you want.
She hid her money where nobody could find it.
3.3 Adverb Clause of Manner คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาเพื่อแสดง อาการ เช่น as, as if, as though
He acted as if he were a millionaire.
She wrote the letter as she was told.
3.4 Adverb Clause of Comparison คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาวิเศษณ์ หรือขยายคุณศัพท์เพื่อแสดงการเปรียบเทียบ เช่น as…..as, so……as, than
Can you send me your application form as soon as possible?
Laura didn’t do so well in the exam as she had hoped.
3.5 Adverb Clause of Cause or Reason คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยา หรือคุณศัพท์เพื่อแสดงสาเหตุหรือแสดงเหตุผล เช่น because, since, as, for
They moved to London because they wanted to stay with their parents.
She ran away for she was afraid.
3.6 Adverb Clause of Purpose คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาเพื่อแสดง ความมุ่งหมายหรือแสดงวัตถุประสงค์ เช่น so that, in order that
She works hard so that she can get more money for her children.
He came here in order that he might see his boss.
3.7 Adverb Clause of Result คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยา ขยาย คุณศัพท์ หรือขยายคำวิเศษณ์ เช่น so……….that, such……….that
New cars are so expensive that some employees buy used ones.
She is such a polite girl that everybody likes her.
3.8 Adverb Clause of Condition คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยาเพื่อแสดง เงื่อนไข เช่น if, unless, provided that, on condition that
If she comes, I will tell her the truth.
Unless he works harder, he will fail.
3.9 Adverb Clause of Concession คือ ประโยคที่ทำหน้าที่ขยายกริยา หรือ ขยายคุณศัพท์เพื่อแสดงการยอมรับ เช่น though, although, however, whatever
Although she is fat, she can run quickly.
Whatever help you give them, they will never thank you.
นอกจากการเรียนรู้เรื่องประโยค (Sentences) และอนุประโยค (Clauses) แล้ว ควรจะต้องรู้เรื่องเกี่ยวกับวลี (Phrases) ด้วย
วลี (Phrases) คือ กลุ่มคำซึ่งรวมกันตั้งแต่ 2 คำขึ้นไป มีความหมายในตัวเองบ้าง แต่ไม่ได้ใจความสมบูรณ์นัก วลีแบ่งตามรูปร่างลักษณะได้ 6 ชนิด คือ
1. Gerund Phrase ได้แก่ วลีที่ขึ้นต้นกลุ่มคำด้วย – ing
Driving over 60 km. on the Expressway is illegal.
(เป็นประธาน)
Linda is interested in learning foreign language.
(เป็นกรรม)
2.Present Participle Phrase ได้แก่ วลีที่ขึ้นต้นด้วยรูปกริยา เติม –ing แล้วทำหน้าที่ขยายนามหรือสรรพนาม
Before buying a new house, the newlywed should consider about the size and the surrounding.
The girl driving a red car is my friend’s daughter.
3. Past Participle Phrase ได้แก่ วลีที่ขึ้นต้นด้วยกริยาช่องที่ 3 และนำไปใช้ แบบคุณศัพท์เพื่อขยายนามหรือสรรพนาม
Arrested by the police, the thief was sent to prison.
The wounded man crawled out of the damaged car.
4. Infinitive Phrase ได้แก่ วลีที่ขึ้นต้นด้วยกริยา มี to นำหน้า
To exercise every day is necessary. (เป็นประธาน)
His job is to guard the museum. (เป็นส่วนสมบูรณ์)
Her car needs to be polished. (เป็นคุณศัพท์)
5. Prepositional Phrase ได้แก่ วลีที่ขึ้นต้นด้วยบุพบท
The girl with brown hair attracted much attention.
During the Summer, some of my friend went to Hua Hin.
6. Noun Phrase in Apposition ได้แก่ คำนามที่ตามหลังนามอีกหนึ่งตัว เพื่อ ทำหน้าที่ขยายนามตัวแรกให้ได้ใจความชัดเจนยิ่งขึ้น
Mr. Dicken, the manager of the American Bank, is his uncle.
วันจันทร์ที่ 28 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
week 13
แผนการสอนเรื่อง Number 1-10
สาระสำคัญ
การฟัง และการออกเสียงเกี่ยวกับตัวเลข และสิ่งต่างๆที่อยู่รอบตัวเพื่อเป็นพื้นฐานในกาเรียนระดับสูง
จุดประสงค์การเรียนรู้
1.นักเรียนสามารถออกเสียงคำศัพท์เกี่ยวกับตัวเลขได้ถูกต้อง
2.นักเรียนสามารถบอกจำนวนสิ่งของจำนวนไม่เกิน10เป็นภาษาอังกฤษได้ถูกต้อง
3.นักเรียนสามารถบอกตัวเลข1-10จากบัตรภาพเป็นภาษาอังกฤษได้ถูกต้อง
สาระการเรียนรู้
Vocabulary : one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, number, a chair, a pencil, a dog, a cat a bird
กระบวนการเรียนรู้
Warm up
1. ครูทักทายนักเรียน พร้อมทั้ง ทบทวนคำศัพท์จากบัตรภาพ เช่น a chair, a pencil
a dog, a cat a bird เป็นต้น ครูชูบัตรภาพ a pencil แล้วถามนักเรียนว่าในบัตรภาพมีดินสอกี่แท่ง
ครูถามนักเรียนต่อว่าใครรู้ว่าตัวเลขภาษาอังกฤษเรียกว่าอะไร พร้อมทั้งครูบอกนักเรียนว่า Numbers แล้วให้นักเรียนออกเสียงตาม
Presentation
1.ครูแสดงบัตรตัวเลข 1-10 ทีละใบ พร้อมทั้งครูออกเสียงนับ one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten พร้อมทั้งให้นักเรียนออกเสียงตาม
2. ครูแสดงภาพดอกไม้ที่เตรียมไว้ทีละ 1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 และ 10 พร้อมทั้งครูออกเสียงนับ one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten แล้วให้นักเรียนออกเสียงตาม
Practice
1.ครูแสดงบัตรตัวเลข 1-10 ทีละใบ พร้อมทั้งให้นักเรียนฝึกออกเสียงทั้งห้อง ทีละกลุ่ม
โดยครูอาจจะสลับตัวเลขที่นักเรียนออกเสียงไม่คล่องบ่อยๆ
2.ครูแสดงดอกไม้ที่เตรียมไว้ โดยสุ่มจำนวนดอกไม้ แล้วให้นักเรียนออกเสียงทั้งห้อง ฝึกจนคล่องแล้วถามทีละกลุ่มทีละคน โดยอาจจะให้คนที่ตอบออกมาเขียนตัวเลขบนกระดาน
Production
1.ครูให้นักเรียนทำกิจกรรม โดยเติมตัวเลขลงในลูกแอปเปิล และวาดรูปตาม
จำนวนตัวเลข และระบายสีลงในสมุด โดยครูเขียนคำศัพท์จำนวนตัวเลขให้บนกระดาน
สื่อการเรียนการสอน
1.บัตรคำ
2.สมุด
3.ภาพดอกไม้
การวัดและประเมินผลการเรียนรู้
1.สังเกตจากการร่วมกิจกรรม ความสนใจ
2.สังเกตจากความถูกต้องของการออกเสียง
3.สังเกตจากความถูกต้องของการทำงานในwork book และความเรียบร้อยของชิ้นงาน
Lesson plans on Number 1-10
Essential skills of listening and pronunciation about number and thing around them for learning higher level
1. Students can pronounce words correctly about numbers.
2. Students can tell the number of thing not more than 10 words in English correctly.
3. Students can tell the numbers 1-10 from the card in English correctly.
LearningVocabulary : one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, number, a chair, a pencil, a dog, a cat a bird
Learning process
Warm up
1. Teachers and students review the words from the cards, such as a chair, a pencil.
a dog, a cat a bird and so teachers show cards a pencil and then asked the student How many the pencil in cards .Teacher asks students who knew Number in English. Teacher told students that Number and the student pronounce the Number
Presentation1. Teacher shows card numbers 1-10 teachers pronounce and count one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten students with the pronunciation.
2. Teachers shows flower 1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10 teachers pronounce and count one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and then the student’s pronunciation.
Practice. 1. Teachers show Numbers 1-10 each card also gives students practice pronunciation each group. The teacher may have to change numbers, the students labored to pronounce often
2. Teacher shows Flower by random number of flowers. Then students pronounce in the room. Practiced and spontaneous, and then ask each group individually. It may be the answer to people who write the numbers on the board
Production. 1. Teacher give student make activities by filling the number down in the apple and draw the Numbers and coloring in a book. The teacher wrote the words for numbers on the board.
Instructional media 1. Card word.
2. Book.
3. Images flowers.
Measurement and evaluation of learning1. Observe of participation and interests in activities
2. Observe the accuracy of the pronounce.
3. Observe the accuracy of the work in the work book and complete the work
week12
Noun Determiners.
1. Drterminers + Singurar Noun
each, every, either, neither, many a
Every man goes there.
Many a student was absent yesterday.
Many a student = Many students
2. Determiners + Plura Noun
many, several, a few, few, fewer, fewest, quite a few, a number of, large number of, a great number of
He sells many books.
Jonh has several books at home.
Quite a few students were absent yesterday.
A number of accidents have occurred.
A (great or largre or good) number of students are allowed to go home.
3. Diterminers + Mass Noun (Uncountable Noun)
much, a little, little, less, least, quite a little, a good deal of, a great deal of, a great quantity of, a large quantity of, a large amount of
This glass doesn't hold much water, it only holds a little.
Nack spent a (great or good) quantity of sugar.
We need a (great or large) quantity of sugar.
Her father has a large amount of money.
4. Determiners + Plural Count Noun (or mass noun )
some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, more, most, all
Jonh has a lot of friends. Jonh has a lot of free time.
Jonh a has lots of friends. Jonh has lots of free time.
There are plenty of trees in the gardent.
We have plenty of time.
More students are needed to do this work.
More many is needed to do this work.
Noun Adjuncts (noun + noun)
In English we can put two nouns together. The first noun is used as an adjective to modify the second noun and is called a noun adjunct. The first noun is almost always singular because it follows the rule for adjectives, which do not have plural forms in English.
N1 N2 can mean that
a. N1 is a kind of N2 (a grammar book is a kind of book)
b. N1 is an object of an implied verb (an apple tree is a tree that produces apples)
It is important to understand that N2 is the thing and N1 is the kind or type:
a rose bush is a bush
a wrist watch is a watch
computer paper is paper
N1 is singular, even if the phrase is plural.
Examples:
My mother planted a rose bush in the garden.
I bought a new table lamp.
Bobby takes the school bus to school.
The school ordered fifty new grammar books.
That man makes bird cages.
Mrs. Taylor bought some new baby clothes.
We can use a number with N1 to make a compound adjective. Since the number and noun make one unit, we use a hyphen to join them. Note that N1 remains singular because it is being used as an adjective.
Examples:
a three-car garage
a ten-speed bicycle
a twenty-dollar bill
If we use a number to refer to the second noun (how many), we do not use a hyphen:
two grammar books
five rose bushes
We can use a number to refer to the second noun (how many) and a number with the first noun (compound adjective). In that case, there is no hyphen after the first number, but the second number is still used with a hyphen because it forms a compound adjective.
two ten-dollar bills
four three-bedroom homes
Present Paticiple
ทำหน้าที่ส่วนหนึ่งเป็น verb และอีกส่วนเป็น adjective
มีวิธีใช้ดังนี้
เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ Continuos Tense
- She is running.
- She was running.
ตามหลัง verb of sensation เช่น see, feel gear, smell, watch, notice, observe เมื่อหมายความว่ากำลังกระทำ
- I saw her coming
- He heard me shutting the window.
เป็น adjective ประกอบคำนาม
- A boiling kettle is on the stove.
- Look at the swimming fish.
ตามหลังกรรมของคำกริยา find, keep, leave, catch, set, get, send, discover, bring, draw, imagine, paint, show
- The telegram sent him hurrying to Songkla.
- He kept me waiting the whole day.
ตามหลัง Verb to have แสดงผล และใช้กับ can't, won't มีความหมายว่า อนุญาต
- The doctor will woon have you walking.
- I'll haveyou all laughing.
ใช้ในรูป participial phrase ดังนี้
ตามหลังประธานหรือกริยาเพื่อขยายกรรม
The man stading there is John's uncle.
- The man is John's uncle. He is standing there.
- The man who is standing there is John's uncle.
She was accomanied by her mother.
- She was accomanied by her mother.
ตามหลัง conjunctions บางตัวเช่น when, while, as if, although,before, after เช่น
- Although playing all day, he was't tired.
- He held out his hand, as if asking for money.
วางหน้าหรือหลังคำนามเพื่อขยายนามนั้น เช่น
- Seeing a snake, I ran away.
- We stood at the gate, waiting for a taxi.
Infinitives
ได้แก่ - Infinitive with "to"
- Infinitive without "to"
Infinitive with "to"
1. Subject
To swim is a good sport.
2. Adjective
I have no time to write a letter.
3. Adverb
A. ขยาย verb
She shouted to tell him to be careful.
= She shouted in order to tell him to be careful.
B. ขยาย adjective
The lesson is difficult to understand.
C. ขยาย adverb
They tried hard to pass the examination.
= They tried hard in order to pass the examination.
4. enough.....to verb
It isn't large enough (for her) to take seven people.
Our team didn't play well enough (for us) to win the price.\
There's enough turkey (for him) to make a sandwich.
5. Too....to verb
The water is too deep (for the baby) to swim.
The bird flies too high (for you) to shoot.
There were too many calls (for her) to answer.
There was too much applause (for them) to hear the announcer.
6. Verb + to verb
afford, attempt, care, decide, demand, expect, hope, intend, manage, mean, plan, refuse, try, etc.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
I am planning to have a party.
7. Verb + object (noun or pronoun) + to verb
Advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, require, tell, warn etc.
She advised me to look for a job.
The judge ordered him to pay a fine.
8. Verb + to verb/or verb + object + to verb.
I want to leave now.
I want him to leave now.
Infinitive without "to"
1. Auxiliary Verb (Helping Verb หรือ Modal Verb + Verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
He will buy you a bicycle. You may leave before six today.
You had better go to bed early. I would rather die than suffer.
2. I prefer to talk rather than listen. = ฉันชอบคุยมากกว่าฟัง (rather than + Verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
3. She did nothing but cry. (but = except = ยกเว้น + verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
4. Verb + object + infinitive without "to"
make I made him come.
let Please let me see it.
have I had the barber cut my hair.
5. Verb of sense
see I saw him hit (hitting) the ball.
feel I felt the weather become (becoming) warm.
hear I heard her sing (singing).
watch I watched Dang clean (cleaning) the floor.
observe I observed the doctor perform (performing) the operation.
notice I noticed something move (moveing)
1. Drterminers + Singurar Noun
each, every, either, neither, many a
Every man goes there.
Many a student was absent yesterday.
Many a student = Many students
2. Determiners + Plura Noun
many, several, a few, few, fewer, fewest, quite a few, a number of, large number of, a great number of
He sells many books.
Jonh has several books at home.
Quite a few students were absent yesterday.
A number of accidents have occurred.
A (great or largre or good) number of students are allowed to go home.
3. Diterminers + Mass Noun (Uncountable Noun)
much, a little, little, less, least, quite a little, a good deal of, a great deal of, a great quantity of, a large quantity of, a large amount of
This glass doesn't hold much water, it only holds a little.
Nack spent a (great or good) quantity of sugar.
We need a (great or large) quantity of sugar.
Her father has a large amount of money.
4. Determiners + Plural Count Noun (or mass noun )
some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, more, most, all
Jonh has a lot of friends. Jonh has a lot of free time.
Jonh a has lots of friends. Jonh has lots of free time.
There are plenty of trees in the gardent.
We have plenty of time.
More students are needed to do this work.
More many is needed to do this work.
Noun Adjuncts (noun + noun)
In English we can put two nouns together. The first noun is used as an adjective to modify the second noun and is called a noun adjunct. The first noun is almost always singular because it follows the rule for adjectives, which do not have plural forms in English.
N1 N2 can mean that
a. N1 is a kind of N2 (a grammar book is a kind of book)
b. N1 is an object of an implied verb (an apple tree is a tree that produces apples)
It is important to understand that N2 is the thing and N1 is the kind or type:
a rose bush is a bush
a wrist watch is a watch
computer paper is paper
N1 is singular, even if the phrase is plural.
Examples:
My mother planted a rose bush in the garden.
I bought a new table lamp.
Bobby takes the school bus to school.
The school ordered fifty new grammar books.
That man makes bird cages.
Mrs. Taylor bought some new baby clothes.
We can use a number with N1 to make a compound adjective. Since the number and noun make one unit, we use a hyphen to join them. Note that N1 remains singular because it is being used as an adjective.
Examples:
a three-car garage
a ten-speed bicycle
a twenty-dollar bill
If we use a number to refer to the second noun (how many), we do not use a hyphen:
two grammar books
five rose bushes
We can use a number to refer to the second noun (how many) and a number with the first noun (compound adjective). In that case, there is no hyphen after the first number, but the second number is still used with a hyphen because it forms a compound adjective.
two ten-dollar bills
four three-bedroom homes
Present Paticiple
ทำหน้าที่ส่วนหนึ่งเป็น verb และอีกส่วนเป็น adjective
มีวิธีใช้ดังนี้
เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของ Continuos Tense
- She is running.
- She was running.
ตามหลัง verb of sensation เช่น see, feel gear, smell, watch, notice, observe เมื่อหมายความว่ากำลังกระทำ
- I saw her coming
- He heard me shutting the window.
เป็น adjective ประกอบคำนาม
- A boiling kettle is on the stove.
- Look at the swimming fish.
ตามหลังกรรมของคำกริยา find, keep, leave, catch, set, get, send, discover, bring, draw, imagine, paint, show
- The telegram sent him hurrying to Songkla.
- He kept me waiting the whole day.
ตามหลัง Verb to have แสดงผล และใช้กับ can't, won't มีความหมายว่า อนุญาต
- The doctor will woon have you walking.
- I'll haveyou all laughing.
ใช้ในรูป participial phrase ดังนี้
ตามหลังประธานหรือกริยาเพื่อขยายกรรม
The man stading there is John's uncle.
- The man is John's uncle. He is standing there.
- The man who is standing there is John's uncle.
She was accomanied by her mother.
- She was accomanied by her mother.
ตามหลัง conjunctions บางตัวเช่น when, while, as if, although,before, after เช่น
- Although playing all day, he was't tired.
- He held out his hand, as if asking for money.
วางหน้าหรือหลังคำนามเพื่อขยายนามนั้น เช่น
- Seeing a snake, I ran away.
- We stood at the gate, waiting for a taxi.
Infinitives
ได้แก่ - Infinitive with "to"
- Infinitive without "to"
Infinitive with "to"
1. Subject
To swim is a good sport.
2. Adjective
I have no time to write a letter.
3. Adverb
A. ขยาย verb
She shouted to tell him to be careful.
= She shouted in order to tell him to be careful.
B. ขยาย adjective
The lesson is difficult to understand.
C. ขยาย adverb
They tried hard to pass the examination.
= They tried hard in order to pass the examination.
4. enough.....to verb
It isn't large enough (for her) to take seven people.
Our team didn't play well enough (for us) to win the price.\
There's enough turkey (for him) to make a sandwich.
5. Too....to verb
The water is too deep (for the baby) to swim.
The bird flies too high (for you) to shoot.
There were too many calls (for her) to answer.
There was too much applause (for them) to hear the announcer.
6. Verb + to verb
afford, attempt, care, decide, demand, expect, hope, intend, manage, mean, plan, refuse, try, etc.
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
I am planning to have a party.
7. Verb + object (noun or pronoun) + to verb
Advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, require, tell, warn etc.
She advised me to look for a job.
The judge ordered him to pay a fine.
8. Verb + to verb/or verb + object + to verb.
I want to leave now.
I want him to leave now.
Infinitive without "to"
1. Auxiliary Verb (Helping Verb หรือ Modal Verb + Verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
He will buy you a bicycle. You may leave before six today.
You had better go to bed early. I would rather die than suffer.
2. I prefer to talk rather than listen. = ฉันชอบคุยมากกว่าฟัง (rather than + Verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
3. She did nothing but cry. (but = except = ยกเว้น + verb แท้ไม่ผันรูป)
4. Verb + object + infinitive without "to"
make I made him come.
let Please let me see it.
have I had the barber cut my hair.
5. Verb of sense
see I saw him hit (hitting) the ball.
feel I felt the weather become (becoming) warm.
hear I heard her sing (singing).
watch I watched Dang clean (cleaning) the floor.
observe I observed the doctor perform (performing) the operation.
notice I noticed something move (moveing)
วันพุธที่ 16 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
วันศุกร์ที่ 4 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
Woman ranger slain in Pattani
A female volunteer paramilitary ranger was killed and her boy friend seriously wounded in a drive-by shooting in Pattani’s Nong Chik district last night, chief of Nong Chik police station Pol Col Chatchai Wongsuna said.
Ranger Sansanee Bula, 28, of the 44th Ranger Division, and Worawut Chansri, 32, an employee of the
Sai Kao forest protection unit, was attacked on the Pattani-Had Yai road about 8pm on Thursday,
while driving motorcycle back home in Nong Chik district, according to Pol Col Chatchai.
The victims took several bullets in their bodies and were taken to Pattani hospital. Ranger Sansanee
was later pronounced dead.
Police blamed separatist militants.
Woman ranger slain in Pattani
Who: A female volunteer
What: Woman ranger slain in Pattani
Where: on the Pattani-Had Yai road
When: 8pm on Thursday
Why: A female volunteer paramilitary ranger was killed and her boy friend seriously wounded in a drive-by shooting
from bangkok postWhat: Woman ranger slain in Pattani
Where: on the Pattani-Had Yai road
When: 8pm on Thursday
Why: A female volunteer paramilitary ranger was killed and her boy friend seriously wounded in a drive-by shooting
Ranger killed, 2 hurt by Yala bomb
A paramilitary ranger was killed and two others slightly wounded by a bomb which exploded on the Kehrore-Thathong road at Ban Utae-bangoey in Yala’s Raman district on Friday morning, police said.
A 15-kg home-made bomb went off about 8.20am and seriously injured Sgt Padungpong Song-archin, 25, of the 41st Ranger Division. His two colleagues, Ranger Noppadon Boonmee, 28, and Ranger Chaiporn Photharate, 26, were slightly wounded.
They all were admitted to Raman hospital where Sgt Padungporn was later pronounced dead.
The bomb victims and five other rangers were patrolling the local road to ensure the safety of teachers working at the village school.
Police blamed separatist militants.
Ranger killed, 2 hurt by Yala bomb
Who: A paramilitary ranger
What: Ranger killed, 2 hurt by Yala bomb
Where: on the Kehrore-Thathong road at Ban Utae-bangoey in Yala’s Raman district
When: on Friday morning
Why: A paramilitary ranger was killed and two others slightly wounded by a bomb which exploded
from bangkok post
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 3 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
วันพุธที่ 2 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2554
กบกับวัว
The Frog and the ox
"โอพ่อจ๋า Oh Father,"
กบตัวน้อยพูดกับกบตัวใหญ่ที่นั่งอยู่ข้างสระน้ำแห่งหนึ่ง Said a little frog to the gig one sitting by the side of a pool,
"ฉันได้เห็นสัตว์ประหลาดตัวใหญ่เบ้อเร่อทีเดียว I have seen such a terrible monster !
ตัวมันใหญ่โตเหมือนภูเขา It was as big as a mountain,
มีเขาอยู่บนหัว With horns on its head,
มีหางยาว and a long tail,
กีบเท้าของมันยาวออกมาเป็นสองซีก And it had hoofs divided in two."
"ถุย, ลูกเอ๋ย,ถุย Tush, child, tush,"
กบตัวอายุมากพูด Said the old Frog,
"นั่นคือพ่อวัวของลุงขาวชาวนาเท่านั้นเอง That was only Farmer White's Ox.
มันก็ไม่ใช่ว่าจะใหญ่โตเท่าใดนัก It isn't so big either;
มันอาจสูงกว่าพ่อเพียงนิดหน่อยเท่านั้น He may be a little bit taller than I,
แต่พ่อสามารถทำให้ตัวพ่อเองกว้างใหญ่เท่ากับมันได้ไม่ยาก But I could easily make myself quite as broad;
คอยดูนะ Just you see…"
แล้วมันก็เบ่งตัวเองออกมา So he blew himself out,
เบ่งออกมา and blew himself out,
เบ่งออกมา and blew himself out,
มันใหญ่แค่นี้ได้ไหม? was he as big as that?"
มันถาม asked he.
"โอย, ยังใหญ่กว่านั้นอีกเยอะ Oh, much bigger than that,"
ลูกกบตัวน้อยบอก said the young Frog.
กบตัวพ่อก็เบ่งตัวใหญ่ขึ้นอีก I will not apologize for the dinner,"
แล้วก็ถามตัวลูกว่าวัวตัวนั้น said the Stork.
"ใหญ่กว่านั้น, พ่อ, มันใหญ่กว่านั้น Bigger, father, bigger,"
นี่คือ คำตอบ was the reply.
ดังนั้นพ่อกบจึงสูดหายใจลึก So the frog took a deep breath,
เบ่ง เบ่ง แล้วก็เบ่ง and blew and blew and blew,
ตัวมันก็พองขึ้น,พองขึ้น และพองขึ้น and swelled and swlled.
แล้วมันก็พูดขึ้นว่า and then he said:
"พ่อมั่นใจเหลือเกินว่า วัวตัวนั้นคงไม่ใหญ่เท่า- I'm sure the Ox is not as big as-
พูดถึงแค่นี้ตัวมันก็แตกระเบิด (ดังโป๊ะ) But at this moment he burst.
ข้อคิดจากนิทานเรื่องนี้
ความไม่รู้จักประมาณตน ย่อมนำมาซึ่งความพินาศแห่งตน
ไม่ใหญ่จริง อย่าเบ่ง,เดี๋ยวตายไม่รู้ตัว
คำศัพท์ที่ควรทราบ
Pool (พูล) = บ่อน้ำหรือสระน้ำ
Terrible (เทอริเบิล) = ร้ายแรง,ร้ายกาจ
Monster (มอนสเทอร์) = สัตว์ประหลาด (อสุรกาย)
A little bit (อะ ลิเทอล บิท) = เล็กน้อย นิดหน่อย
Blew (blow) (พลู) = เป่า(ลม),(ลม) พัด(ในที่นี้คืออัดลมหายใจ แล้วเบ่งตัวเองให้พองโตขึ้น)
Swell (สเวล) = บวม พองโตขึ้น
Burst (เบิสท์) = ระเบิด เหมือนลูกโป่งแตก
ขนมรังผึ้ง
แป้งข้าวเจ้า , แป้งสาลี, น้ำตาลทราย , ผงฟู , ยีสต์ , ไข่ไก่ , น้ำสะอาด
วิธีทำ
-ผสมแป้งข้าวเจ้า แป้งสาลี ผงฟู ยีสต์ น้ำตาลทราย เทใส่ในชาม คนให้เข้ากัน
-จากนั้น เทน้ำใส่ลงไป เสร็จแล้วก็นวดให้ส่วนผสมแป้งเข้ากันกับน้ำ
-ตอกไข่ใส่ชามแล้วตีให้ไข่แตก เสร็จแล้วเทไข่ที่ตีไว้ใส่ลงในชามแป้ง แล้วก็คนให้ส่วนผสมทั้งหมดให้เข้ากัน
-ปิดฝาหมักทิ้งไว้อย่างน้อย ๑ ชั่วโมง
-เสร็จแล้วก็เอามาหยอดใส่พิมพ์ได้ โดยใช้ไฟปานกลาง
Ingredients
Flour,dough,sugar,baking powder,yeast,eggs,water
How to do
- mix flour, wheat flour, yeast, sugar, baking powder put in a bowl and stir.
- Then pour water into the massage is finished, the flour mixture together with water.
- Egg bowl, then beat the egg break completed pour egg the hit put the flour into a bowl then all the ingredients together.
- Cover and leave it ferment for at least 1 hour
- Finished, put it took to drop print by using medium heat.
Once upon a time down on an old farm, lived a duck family, and Mother Duck had been sitting on a clutch of new eggs. One nice morning, the eggs hatched and out popped six chirpy ducklings. But one egg was bigger than the rest, and it didn't hatch. Mother Duck couldn't recall laying that seventh egg. How did it get there? TOCK! TOCK! The little prisoner was pecking inside his shell.
"Did I count the eggs wrongly?" Mother Duck wondered. But before she had time to think about it, the last egg finally hatched. A strange looking duckling with gray feathers that should have been yellow gazed at a worried mother. The ducklings grew quickly, but Mother Duck had a secret worry.
"I can't understand how this ugly duckling can be one of mine!" she said to herself, shaking her head as she looked at her last born. Well, the gray duckling certainly wasn't pretty, and since he ate far more than his brothers, he was outgrowing them. As the days went by, the poor ugly duckling became more and more unhappy. His brothers didn't want to play with him, he was so clumsy, and all the farmyard folks simply laughed at him. He felt sad and lonely, while Mother Duck did her best to console him.
"Poor little ugly duckling!" she would say. "Why are you so different from the others?" And the ugly duckling felt worse than ever. He secretly wept at night. He felt nobody wanted him.
"Nobody loves me, they all tease me! Why am I different from my brothers?"
Then one day, at sunrise, he ran away from the farmyard. He stopped at a pond and began to question all the other birds. "Do you know of any ducklings with gray feathers like mine?" But everyone shook their heads in scorn.
"We don't know anyone as ugly as you." The ugly duckling did not lose heart, however, and kept on making inquiries. He went to another pond, where a pair of large geese gave him the same answer to his question. What's more, they warned him: "Don't stay here! Go away! It's dangerous. There are men with guns around here!" The duckling was sorry he had ever left the farmyard.
Then one day, his travels took him near an old countrywoman's cottage. Thinking he was a stray goose, she caught him.
"I'll put this in a hutch. I hope it's a female and lays plenty of eggs!" said the old woman, whose eyesight was poor. But the ugly duckling laid not a single egg. The hen kept frightening him.
"Just wait! If you don't lay eggs, the old woman will wring your neck and pop you into the pot!" And the cat chipped in: "Hee! Hee! I hope the woman cooks you, then I can gnaw at your bones!" The poor ugly duckling was so scared that he lost his appetite, though the old woman kept stuffing him with food and grumbling: "If you won't lay eggs, at least hurry up and get plump!"
"Oh, dear me!" moaned the now terrified duckling. "I'll die of fright first! And I did so hope someone would love me!"
Then one night, finding the hutch door ajar, he escaped. Once again he was all alone. He fled as far away as he could, and at dawn, he found himself in a thick bed of reeds. "If nobody wants me, I'll hid here forever." There was plenty a food, and the duckling began to feel a little happier, though he was lonely. One day at sunrise, he saw a flight of beautiful birds wing overhead. White, with long slender necks, yellow beaks and large wings, they were migrating south.
"If only I could look like them, just for a day!" said the duckling, admiringly. Winter came and the water in the reed bed froze. The poor duckling left home to seek food in the snow. He dropped exhausted to the ground, but a farmer found him and put him in his big jacket pocket.
"I'll take him home to my children. They'll look after him. Poor thing, he's frozen!" The duckling was showered with kindly care at the farmer's house. In this way, the ugly duckling was able to survive the bitterly cold winter.
However, by springtime, he had grown so big that the farmer decided: "I'll set him free by the pond!" That was when the duckling saw himself mirrored in the water.
"Goodness! How I've changed! I hardly recognize myself!" The flight of swans winged north again and glided on to the pond. When the duckling saw them, he realized he was one of their kind, and soon made friends.
"We're swans like you!" they said, warmly. "Where have you been hiding?"
"It's a long story," replied the young swan, still astounded. Now, he swam majestically with his fellow swans. One day, he heard children on the river bank exclaim: "Look at that young swan! He's the finest of them all!"
And he almost burst with happiness.
โครงสร้างของ Tense ทั้ง 12
Present Simple (S. + V.1)
Present Continuous (S. + is/am/are + V.ing)
Present Perfect (S. + has/have + V.3)
Present Perfect Continuous (S. + has/have been + V.ing)
Past Tense
Past Simple (S. + V.2)
Past Continuous (S. + was/were + V.ing)
Past Perfect (S. + had + V.3)
Past Perfect Continuous (S. + had been + V.ing)
Futere Tense
Future Simple (S. + will/shall + V.1)
Future Continuous (S. + will/shall be + V.ing)
Future Perfect (S. + will have + V.3)
Future Perfect Continuous (S. + will/shall have been + V.ing)
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